A steel additive with a second, growing use in flow batteries for long-duration grid storage.
A metallic element (V, atomic number 23) used in steel alloys for strengthening and in vanadium redox flow batteries for grid-scale energy storage. Vanadium's energy storage applications are growing due to renewable energy integration requirements.
Most vanadium demand is still steel, so the flow-battery thesis is an option on top of an industrial commodity rather than the main business. Treat forecasts that assume otherwise with care.
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